గత సంవత్సరం కార్తీకమాసంలో తెలుగు బ్లాగ్లోకంలోకి అడుగుపెట్టాను. పరమేశ్వర ప్రీత్యర్ధంగా ధూర్జటి కవి శ్రీకాళహస్తి మాహాత్మ్యము నుండి నత్కీరోపాఖ్యానము చెప్పాను ఈ బ్లాగులో. కార్తీకం ముగిసిన వెంటనే ధనుర్మాసము విష్ణుదేవునికి ప్రీతికరమైన పుణ్యకాలమని సందర్భోచితంగా శ్రీకృష్ణదేవరాయల ఆముక్తమాల్యద నించి మంగళ కైశికి కథ మొదలు పెట్టాను. మూడు విడతలు బాగానే సాగింది. ఇంతలో మాతృదేశ ప్రయాణం, తిరిగి వచ్చాక ఇతర బ్లాగుల సృష్టి, ఇక పూర్తిగా తెలుగు బ్లాగుల వెల్లువలో కొట్టుకు పోయి ఈ బ్లాగుని కొంత నిర్లక్ష్యం చేశాను. ఎప్పటి కప్పుడు గుర్తుకి రావడం, ఏదో గిలికేసినట్టు రాసి పడేసే వ్యవహారం కాక పోవడంతో అప్పటికి వాయదా వెయ్యడం .. అలా జరిగిపోతూ వస్తోంది. చూస్తూ చూస్తూ ఉండగానే మళ్ళీ ధనుర్మాసం వచ్చేసింది. ఈ ధనుర్మాసం ముగిసేలోగా ఈ కథని పూర్తి చేస్తానని ప్రతిన బూని రాయలవారి నారికేళ పాకాన్ని నాతోబాటు ఆస్వాదించేందుకు మిమ్మల్నందర్నీ ఆహ్వానిస్తున్నాను.
కథా ప్రారంభం
మంగళ కైశికి ఒకటి
మంగళ కైశికి రెండు
మంగళ కైశికి మూడు
తే. అనిన దేహార్పణము నొల్ల కార్తి బలుకు
కృపణత కత డభిప్రాయ మెద్ది యనిన
నిత్తు దను వంట యను కంప యే మదాత్మ
కసటు బాపుటయే యనుకంప గాక.
As the demon pitifully declined to consume him thus, Dasari demanded to know his intentions. What does he want, then? To which the demon replied - it is not good on your part to offer your body as food to me. You can show true compassion by destroying my demon form.
How is the demon form to be destroyed?
He further adds, "The Lord Himself is very compassionate and has pardoned sinners worse than me. You, His devotee, surely can do this much for me. After all, isn't helping a fellow being as good as worshipping Him? Before this curse overtook me, I was a learned Brahmin of the name Soma Sarma who got this horrible form due to just one bad deed. You can restore me to my original form by donating the fruits (puNya phalamu) of just one day's devotional singing. By doing this good deed, the good furtune of saving the distressed will surely come to you in this life itself."
To which, the Dasari laughed in derision and replied
క. ఇటువంటివి యిటకెక్కుడు
నిట దిగుడువి యొంద నెన్ని యే నిదియును నొ
క్కటి యొకనాటిద కా దొక
త్రుటి గీత ఫలంబు నొసగుదునె యిమ్మెయికిన్?
"I have been born in many lives, taking different forms, some bigger than this and some lesser than this. This form, this body, is only one among many such. Do you think I am stupid enough to give up the fruits of one day's singing for the sake of this body? I shall not give up even a moment's worth!"
I have commented earlier on the conversational style of Rayalu's poetry, especially his dialogs and the punch he packs into them. This is one more in the same vein.
సీ. దిక్పాలతను వెత్తి తిరిపెంపు దను దోన యెన్ని మార్లెత్త మీయేను నీవు?
మాతంగ తనువెత్తి మశకంపు దను దోన యెన్ని మార్లెత్త మీయేను నీవు?
కేసరి తనువెత్తి కీటంపు దను దోన యెన్ని మార్లెత్త మీయేను నీవు?
ధరణీశు తనువెత్తి దాస్యంపు దను దోన యెన్ని మార్లెత్త మీయేను నీవు?
తే. సోమయాజుల మెన్ని మార్ల్గాము శ్వపచ
ఖగ కులుల మెన్ని మారులు గాము పాము
గాములమ యెన్ని మారులు గాము వెండి
కంస రిపుభక్తుల మొకండె కాము గాని.
"How many times were we, this you and I, born in one life as powerful beings like the Dikpalakas and then immediately as beggars in another? (తోన = soon after, immediately)
Born as an elephant in one life, and then as a mosquito
Born as a lion and then as an insect
Born in one life as a king and in the next one as a slave?
How many times were we born as learned brahmins (సోమయాజి = a brahmin who performed a yajna), dog-eaters (శ్వపచ = యెరుకల వాడు) and then as birds as well as snakes and petty demons (గాము = పిశాచము). Due to our (mis)fortune, the only birth we could not take is as devotees of Vishnu, Kamsa's foe."
The implication is that if we had been Vishnu devotees in any birth, then there will be no more births - that's straight salvation. This is vyatirEka alaMkAraM, that is conclusion by negation.
Dasari expounds futher:
ఆ. ఊతనీరు చెలది నేత మూ టాయిటి
దూది యెండపసుపు తొర్రియక్క
రంబు మేను దీని రహి బుణ్యమమ్ముట
కప్పురంబు వెట్టి యుప్పు గొనుట
ఊత = a woven bamboo basket used in fishing
చెలది = spider
"This body is so ephemeral and unreal ..like water held in a woven bamboo basket, like a packet made of spider's web, like the cotton balls dried in summer, like the sundried turmeric, like the word spoken by a toothless mouth. To sell one's good fortune for the enhancement of a thing like this is like bartering valuable camphor for worthless salt!"
To which the Demon replied:
క. సంగీత ఫలంబున గో
సంగీ సగమైన దయపొసగ నీవే మీన్
మ్రింగిన గ్రుక్క న్వారిధి
కిం గొరతయె కొదయె విష్ణు కీర్తన కనినన్
"Oh Dasari! Won't you, in your compassion, donate at least half of today's singing? If a fish swallows a small amount of water, does the sea lose anything? Your devotional singing similarly is limitless"
To which, the Dasari replied:
శా. ఏలా నొంచె దదేయ మిట్లడిగి యెంతే బాస మేనంబలం
బో లీలావటు గీత కీర్తన ఫలంబో నీయెడ న్మున్ను పా
తాళ ప్రశ్నలు మాని మేంగొనుము బేతాళఛ్ఛలోక్తిన్ రుషం
దూలింపందలతేని పుట్టు మరి నూతుల్ద్రవ్వ బేతాళముల్
"Oh demon! Why do you pain me thus by keep on asking for that which can not be given? Tell me what was my promise to you earlier - was it my body or the fruits of my devotional singing? First, stop your demonic ranting and eat my body. Because, if you don't, if you keep persisting on digging like this, other demons will pop up and eat me!"
బావిని త్రవ్వబోగా భూతము బయలుదేరెనని సామెత.
It is an idiom that when one went on digging in the well, a demon popped up. Rayalu weaves this cleverly into Dasari's speech to chide the demon to stop his unreasonable demand.
Rayalu follows this speech poem with a long prose section (vacanamu) that is resplendant with thrilling word play and packed with Vaishnavaite lore and sacred practices. Some examples ..
అతండ నిజఛ్ఛాత్ర సత్రంబునకు బ్రత్యహంబును గలంబునమూల్యంబొల్లక ..
గుహా కంఠ నృకంఠీరవంబు
కుసుంభాంబరాంభఃకుండిక
ఇవ్విరూప విగ్రహం బనుగ్రహంబున
ఇత్తెరంగు ఎరుంగక .. ఇత్యాది.
The Demon recites the greatness of Vaishnavite sages over the eons, praising their compassion for their fellow beings, how selflessly they came forward to the rescue of sinners around them, how generously they shared their devotion of the Lord without any miserliness, and says at the end: "You too are a descendant of that glorious tradition. If not half, if not a quarter, give me the least of the least .. give me the fruit of just the last song you sang for the Lord! That is enough for me. Have pity on me!"
Saying this, the demon fell to the ground in front of Dasari's feet and would not get up. Dasari's heart melted with highest compassion and he consented.
(to be continued)
Sunday, December 16, 2007
Sunday, October 21, 2007
ముగురమ్మల మూలపుటమ్మ
The time of daevee navaraatri (the nine nights of the goddess), dasaraa, is drawing to a close. Telugu people take this opportunity to worship all the diverse forms of the goddess during these nine nights/ten days, including Sarasvati and Lakshmi. In the temples dedicated to the Goddess across the land, the deity is decorated in a different form each day. On this Vijayadasami day, marking the victory of the Goddess over evil, we pay tribute to the three forms of the goddess, Sarasvati, Lakshmi and Durga, through the pen of Bammera Potana.
The poet: Potana (pronounced poetana) lived in late 15th century in the village Bammera, near the town of Warangal. He is best remembered by Telugu people for the translation of bhaagavata puraaNa of Vedavyaasa from samskRtam into Telugu. While living in the times of heavy royal patronage of all arts, Potana shunned such honors and dedicated his aandhra bhaagavatam to Sri Rama, his favorite deity. Being devotionally inclined naturally, he expanded greatly and imaginatively on themes of devotion from the original. Even today, Telugu people derive great pleasure from Potana's aandhra bhaagavatam.
The poems I post today are from the introductory invocation (naamdi - stuti) part of the epic. If just the invocatory poems are so beautiful, one can imagine how wonderful the actual epic may be.
Goddess Sarasvati:
శారద నీరదేందు ఘన సార పటీర మరాళ మల్లికా
హార తుషార ఫేన రజతాచల కాశ ఫణీశ కుంద మం
దార సుధా పయోధి సిత తామర సామర వాహినీ సుభా
కారత నొప్పు నిన్ను మది గానగ నెన్నడు గల్గు భారతీ !!
The poet lists a series of things which are famous for their "whiteness" and compares the fairness of the goddess to these and invokes her blessings. Oh Goddess Sarasvati (bhaaratee!), when will I get the good fortune of realizing you in my heart, you whose graceful form is radiant like ..
శారద నీరద = autumn clouds,
The poet: Potana (pronounced poetana) lived in late 15th century in the village Bammera, near the town of Warangal. He is best remembered by Telugu people for the translation of bhaagavata puraaNa of Vedavyaasa from samskRtam into Telugu. While living in the times of heavy royal patronage of all arts, Potana shunned such honors and dedicated his aandhra bhaagavatam to Sri Rama, his favorite deity. Being devotionally inclined naturally, he expanded greatly and imaginatively on themes of devotion from the original. Even today, Telugu people derive great pleasure from Potana's aandhra bhaagavatam.
The poems I post today are from the introductory invocation (naamdi - stuti) part of the epic. If just the invocatory poems are so beautiful, one can imagine how wonderful the actual epic may be.
Goddess Sarasvati:
శారద నీరదేందు ఘన సార పటీర మరాళ మల్లికా
హార తుషార ఫేన రజతాచల కాశ ఫణీశ కుంద మం
దార సుధా పయోధి సిత తామర సామర వాహినీ సుభా
కారత నొప్పు నిన్ను మది గానగ నెన్నడు గల్గు భారతీ !!
The poet lists a series of things which are famous for their "whiteness" and compares the fairness of the goddess to these and invokes her blessings. Oh Goddess Sarasvati (bhaaratee!), when will I get the good fortune of realizing you in my heart, you whose graceful form is radiant like ..
శారద నీరద = autumn clouds,
ఇందు = Moon ,
ఘనసారము = camphor ,
పటీరము = sandal tree,
మరాళము = swan,
మల్లికా = jasmine,
హార = pearl necklace of 108 strands,
తుషార = snow,
ఫేన = froth or foam,
రజత+ అచల = silvery/ white mountain = కైలాస,
కాశ = (a kind of) reed flower,
ఫణీశ = king of snakes = ఆదిశేష,
కుంద = a kind of wild jasmine ,
మందార = one of the 5 celestial trees ,
సుధా పయోధి = milky ocean ,
సిత తామరస = ,
అమర వాహినీ = heavenly river, గంగ
Notes: This meter is called utpala maala, perhaps the most ubiquitous meter in Telugu epics. Each line has the rhythm
laalala laalalaa lalala laalala laalala laalalaa lalaa -
Notes: This meter is called utpala maala, perhaps the most ubiquitous meter in Telugu epics. Each line has the rhythm
laalala laalalaa lalala laalala laalala laalalaa lalaa -
One can note the repeated use of the syllable 'ra' which produces a pleasing sound effect. This technique is called anupraasa and Potana is well known for its dexterous use.
A story:
A story:
There is an interesting legend about Potana and Goddess Sarasvati. When he started the work on bhaagavatam, Potana wrote that he was commanded to the task by none other than Sree Rama. The word spread about the beauty of this work and many local kings aspired to be "recipients" of this great epic, which is sure to render them immortal in history. Potana was of the mind that this work is a fit tribute only to Sree Rama himself! However, the kings brought a lot of pressure on Potana, trying to tempt him with great wealth and other perks. After speaking to one such emissary, Potana goes into pooja room, to think about how to reject the offer. As he sat in meditation, he saw in front of him Goddess Sarasvati, shedding copious tears - she is sad that this epic poetry may be sold to the highest bidder. That sight is enough to strengthen Potana's resolve - he consoles the Goddess in the following poem, swearing that he will not sell his work to please unworthy kings.
కాటుక కంటి నీరు చను కట్టు పయింబడ నేల యేడ్చెదో
కాటుక కంటి నీరు చను కట్టు పయింబడ నేల యేడ్చెదో
కైటభ దైత్య మర్దనుని గాదిలి కోడల యో మదంబ యో
హాటక గర్భు రాణి నిను నాకటికిన్ గొని పోయి యెల్ల క
ర్ణాట కిరాత కీచకులకమ్మ త్రిశుద్ధిగ నమ్ము భరతీ !!
So that tears from collyrium (kohl)-darkened eyes fall to your breasts, why do you weep, Oh beloved daughter-in-law of Vishnu, Oh my mother, Oh wife of Brahma? I shall not, out of hunger, sell you, neither in thought, word nor action, to these meager kings of Karnataka, vulgar and bullying they are, trust me, O Bharati!
So that tears from collyrium (kohl)-darkened eyes fall to your breasts, why do you weep, Oh beloved daughter-in-law of Vishnu, Oh my mother, Oh wife of Brahma? I shall not, out of hunger, sell you, neither in thought, word nor action, to these meager kings of Karnataka, vulgar and bullying they are, trust me, O Bharati!
Notes: This also is an utpala maala.
కైటభ దైత్య మర్దనుని = the suppressor of the demon Kaitabha, i.e., Vishnu
హాటక గర్భు= the one born in a lotus, Brahma
త్రిశుద్ధి =by the three deeds of thought, speech and action - supposed to be required for completion of any task successfully. Typically used in taking a vow.
Goddess Lakshmi:
హరికిన్ బట్టపు దేవి పున్నెముల ప్రో వర్థంబు పెన్నిక్క చం
దురు తోబుట్టువు భారతీ గిరిసుతల్ తోనాడు పూబోణి తా
మరలం దుండెడి ముద్దరాలు జగముల్ మన్నించు నిల్లాలు భా
సురతన్ లేములు వాపు తల్లి సిరి యిచ్చున్ నిత్య కళ్యాణముల్
The consort of Hari, a mass of good virtues, magnificent abode of all wealth, the one born alongwith Chandra, the delicate one accompanied by Sarasvati and Parvati, the maiden who resides in lotuses, the housewife (lady) honored by all the worlds, the mother who in radiance removes scarcity, Lakshmi, may grant us good fortunes always.
The consort of Hari, a mass of good virtues, magnificent abode of all wealth, the one born alongwith Chandra, the delicate one accompanied by Sarasvati and Parvati, the maiden who resides in lotuses, the housewife (lady) honored by all the worlds, the mother who in radiance removes scarcity, Lakshmi, may grant us good fortunes always.
Notes: This meter is called mattaebhamu, a bull elephant. From the expression "born with Chandra" to the end, notice the progression of her age from birth to being a mother!
Goddess Durga:
This one is a personal favorite of mine as I am from Vijayawada whose presiding deity is Goddess Kanaka Durga. This poem is inscribed in stone on the entrance to the sanctum sanctorum of the temple. I feel as if Potana wrote this poem especially for the goddess of Vijayawada - she is powerful - she's wielding the trident, riding the lion and trampling over the demon - yet the smile lighting up her face is most benevolent and reassuring to the devotees seeking her blessings!
అమ్మల గన్న యమ్మ, ముగురమ్మల మూలపుటమ్మ, చాల పె
ద్దమ్మ, సురారులమ్మ కడుపారడి పుచ్చిన యమ్మ, తన్ను లో
నమ్మిన వేల్పుటమ్మల మనమ్ముల నుండెడి యమ్మ, దుర్గ మా
యమ్మ కృపాబ్ధి నిచ్చుత మహత్త్వ కవిత్వ పటుత్వ సంపదల్
The mother of all mothers, the mother who is the source of the three goddesses (Sarasvati, Lakshmi and Parvati), very noble mother, the mother who caused heartburn to the mother of gods' foes (she's a slayer of demons), the mother who resides in the heart of all divine women that believe in her, Durga, our mother, in her sea of compassion, may grant us the wealth of great poetic prowess!
Notes: This too is an utpala maala. However, in contrast to the first poem, this is almost entirely in pure Telugu, with some wonderful Telugu usages. The expressions "ammala ganna yamma" and "maa yamma" bring a ring of "familiarity" while referring to this powerful Goddess, as if the Goddess is very close to the poet. Also notice the anupraasa on the 'mma' syllable.
My gratitude to Suprabha gaaru of Chandassu Yahoo Group for providing one of the poems and explaining several meanings. I also borrowed freely from the translation of Professor Velceru Narayana Rao for the second poem.
The mother of all mothers, the mother who is the source of the three goddesses (Sarasvati, Lakshmi and Parvati), very noble mother, the mother who caused heartburn to the mother of gods' foes (she's a slayer of demons), the mother who resides in the heart of all divine women that believe in her, Durga, our mother, in her sea of compassion, may grant us the wealth of great poetic prowess!
Notes: This too is an utpala maala. However, in contrast to the first poem, this is almost entirely in pure Telugu, with some wonderful Telugu usages. The expressions "ammala ganna yamma" and "maa yamma" bring a ring of "familiarity" while referring to this powerful Goddess, as if the Goddess is very close to the poet. Also notice the anupraasa on the 'mma' syllable.
My gratitude to Suprabha gaaru of Chandassu Yahoo Group for providing one of the poems and explaining several meanings. I also borrowed freely from the translation of Professor Velceru Narayana Rao for the second poem.
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